黑盒机器学习模型被批评为缺乏可解释性，尽管它们往往具有良好的预测准确性。知识蒸馏（KD）是一种新兴工具，可以通过将知识提炼成透明模型来解释黑框模型。具有众所周知的解释优势，决策树是透明模型的竞争候选者。但是，对KD过程产生的决策树的理论或经验理解是有限的。在本文中，我们将这种决策树命名为蒸馏决策树（DDT），并为树结构稳定性的理论基础奠定了决定DDT解释的有效性的理论基础。我们证明，在某些温和的假设下，DDT的结构可以实现稳定（收敛性）。同时，我们开发了用于稳定DDT诱导的算法，提出了提高算法的计算效率的并行策略，并引入了一种边缘主体组件分析方法来克服采样中维度的诅咒。模拟和真实的数据研究证明了我们的理论结果，验证算法的疗效，并证明DDT可以在模型的预测准确性和可解释性之间取得良好的平衡。

3D从单眼RGB图像中的人类姿势和形状恢复是一个具有挑战性的任务。基于现有的基于学习的方法高度依赖于弱监管信号，例如， 2D和3D联合位置，由于缺乏野外配对的3D监督。然而，考虑到这些弱监管标签中存在的2D-3D模糊，网络在用此类标签培训时容易在本地最佳状态下卡。在本文中，我们通过优化多个初始化来减少势措施。具体而言，我们提出了一个名为多初始化优化网络（MION）的三级框架。在第一阶段，我们策略性地选择与输入样本的2D关键点兼容的不同粗略的3D重建候选。每个粗略重建可以被视为初始化导致一个优化分支。在第二阶段，我们设计网格精制变压器（MRT）以分别通过自我关注机制来优化每个粗略重建结果。最后，提出了一种一致性估计网络（CEN）来通过评估RGB图像中的视觉证据与给定的3D重建匹配，以通过评估来查找来自候选的最佳结果。实验表明，我们的多初始化优化网络优于多个公共基准上的现有3D网格的方法。

近年来，自主驾驶LIDAR数据的3D对象检测一直在迈出卓越的进展。在最先进的方法中，已经证明了将点云进行编码为鸟瞰图（BEV）是有效且有效的。与透视图不同，BEV在物体之间保留丰富的空间和距离信息;虽然在BEV中相同类型的更远物体不会较小，但它们包含稀疏点云特征。这一事实使用共享卷积神经网络削弱了BEV特征提取。为了解决这一挑战，我们提出了范围感知注意网络（RAANET），提取更强大的BEV功能并产生卓越的3D对象检测。范围感知的注意力（RAA）卷曲显着改善了近距离的特征提取。此外，我们提出了一种新的辅助损耗，用于密度估计，以进一步增强覆盖物体的Raanet的检测精度。值得注意的是，我们提出的RAA卷积轻量级，并兼容，以集成到用于BEV检测的任何CNN架构中。 Nuscenes DataSet上的广泛实验表明，我们的提出方法优于基于LIDAR的3D对象检测的最先进的方法，具有16 Hz的实时推断速度，为LITE版本为22 Hz。该代码在匿名GitHub存储库HTTPS://github.com/Anonymous0522 / ange上公开提供。

我们提出了一种神经动力构造（NDR），这是一种无模板的方法，可从单眼RGB-D摄像机中恢复动态场景的高保真几何形状和动作。在NDR中，我们采用神经隐式函数进行表面表示和渲染，使捕获的颜色和深度可以完全利用以共同优化表面和变形。为了表示和限制非刚性变形，我们提出了一种新型的神经可逆变形网络，以便自动满足任意两个帧之间的循环一致性。考虑到动态场景的表面拓扑可能会随着时间的流逝而发生变化，我们采用一种拓扑感知的策略来构建融合框架的拓扑变化对应关系。NDR还以全球优化的方式进一步完善了相机的姿势。公共数据集和我们收集的数据集的实验表明，NDR的表现优于现有的单眼动态重建方法。

In this chapter, we review and discuss the transformation of AI technology in HCI/UX work and assess how AI technology will change how we do the work. We first discuss how AI can be used to enhance the result of user research and design evaluation. We then discuss how AI technology can be used to enhance HCI/UX design. Finally, we discuss how AI-enabled capabilities can improve UX when users interact with computing systems, applications, and services.

An increasing number of public datasets have shown a marked clinical impact on assessing anatomical structures. However, each of the datasets is small, partially labeled, and rarely investigates severe tumor subjects. Moreover, current models are limited to segmenting specific organs/tumors, which can not be extended to novel domains and classes. To tackle these limitations, we introduce embedding learned from Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) to segmentation models, dubbed the CLIP-Driven Universal Model. The Universal Model can better segment 25 organs and 6 types of tumors by exploiting the semantic relationship between abdominal structures. The model is developed from an assembly of 14 datasets with 3,410 CT scans and evaluated on 6,162 external CT scans from 3 datasets. We rank first on the public leaderboard of the Medical Segmentation Decathlon (MSD) and achieve the state-of-the-art results on Beyond The Cranial Vault (BTCV). Compared with dataset-specific models, the Universal Model is computationally more efficient (6x faster), generalizes better to CT scans from varying sites, and shows stronger transfer learning performance on novel tasks. The design of CLIP embedding enables the Universal Model to be easily extended to new classes without catastrophically forgetting the previously learned classes.

Recent advances in self-supervised learning (SSL) in computer vision are primarily comparative, whose goal is to preserve invariant and discriminative semantics in latent representations by comparing siamese image views. However, the preserved high-level semantics do not contain enough local information, which is vital in medical image analysis (e.g., image-based diagnosis and tumor segmentation). To mitigate the locality problem of comparative SSL, we propose to incorporate the task of pixel restoration for explicitly encoding more pixel-level information into high-level semantics. We also address the preservation of scale information, a powerful tool in aiding image understanding but has not drawn much attention in SSL. The resulting framework can be formulated as a multi-task optimization problem on the feature pyramid. Specifically, we conduct multi-scale pixel restoration and siamese feature comparison in the pyramid. In addition, we propose non-skip U-Net to build the feature pyramid and develop sub-crop to replace multi-crop in 3D medical imaging. The proposed unified SSL framework (PCRLv2) surpasses its self-supervised counterparts on various tasks, including brain tumor segmentation (BraTS 2018), chest pathology identification (ChestX-ray, CheXpert), pulmonary nodule detection (LUNA), and abdominal organ segmentation (LiTS), sometimes outperforming them by large margins with limited annotations.

We present Muse, a text-to-image Transformer model that achieves state-of-the-art image generation performance while being significantly more efficient than diffusion or autoregressive models. Muse is trained on a masked modeling task in discrete token space: given the text embedding extracted from a pre-trained large language model (LLM), Muse is trained to predict randomly masked image tokens. Compared to pixel-space diffusion models, such as Imagen and DALL-E 2, Muse is significantly more efficient due to the use of discrete tokens and requiring fewer sampling iterations; compared to autoregressive models, such as Parti, Muse is more efficient due to the use of parallel decoding. The use of a pre-trained LLM enables fine-grained language understanding, translating to high-fidelity image generation and the understanding of visual concepts such as objects, their spatial relationships, pose, cardinality etc. Our 900M parameter model achieves a new SOTA on CC3M, with an FID score of 6.06. The Muse 3B parameter model achieves an FID of 7.88 on zero-shot COCO evaluation, along with a CLIP score of 0.32. Muse also directly enables a number of image editing applications without the need to fine-tune or invert the model: inpainting, outpainting, and mask-free editing. More results are available at https://muse-model.github.io

Feature selection helps reduce data acquisition costs in ML, but the standard approach is to train models with static feature subsets. Here, we consider the dynamic feature selection (DFS) problem where a model sequentially queries features based on the presently available information. DFS is often addressed with reinforcement learning (RL), but we explore a simpler approach of greedily selecting features based on their conditional mutual information. This method is theoretically appealing but requires oracle access to the data distribution, so we develop a learning approach based on amortized optimization. The proposed method is shown to recover the greedy policy when trained to optimality and outperforms numerous existing feature selection methods in our experiments, thus validating it as a simple but powerful approach for this problem.

Human parsing aims to partition humans in image or video into multiple pixel-level semantic parts. In the last decade, it has gained significantly increased interest in the computer vision community and has been utilized in a broad range of practical applications, from security monitoring, to social media, to visual special effects, just to name a few. Although deep learning-based human parsing solutions have made remarkable achievements, many important concepts, existing challenges, and potential research directions are still confusing. In this survey, we comprehensively review three core sub-tasks: single human parsing, multiple human parsing, and video human parsing, by introducing their respective task settings, background concepts, relevant problems and applications, representative literature, and datasets. We also present quantitative performance comparisons of the reviewed methods on benchmark datasets. Additionally, to promote sustainable development of the community, we put forward a transformer-based human parsing framework, providing a high-performance baseline for follow-up research through universal, concise, and extensible solutions. Finally, we point out a set of under-investigated open issues in this field and suggest new directions for future study. We also provide a regularly updated project page, to continuously track recent developments in this fast-advancing field: https://github.com/soeaver/awesome-human-parsing.